Fengcheng Fire Turbocharger Manufacturing Co., Ltd

What's the difference between single, twin, twin-scroll, variable geometry, or even electric turbochargers? What are the advantages of each setup?   The world of turbocharging has about as much variety as engine layouts. Let’s take a look at the different styles:   1. Single-Turbo Single turbochargers alone have limitless variability. Differing the compressor wheel size and turbine will lead to completely different torque characteristics. Large turbos will bring on high top-end power, but smaller turbos will provide better low-end grunt as they spool faster. There are also ball bearing and journal bearing single turbos. Ball bearings provide less friction for the compressor and turbine to spin on, thus are faster to spool (while adding cost).   Advantages： Cost effective way of increasing an engine’s power and efficiency. Simple, generally the easiest of the turbocharging options to install. Allows for using smaller engines to produce the same power as larger naturally-aspirated engines, which can often remove weight. 
Disadvantages:  Single turbos tend to have a fairly narrow effective RPM range. This makes sizing an issue, as you’ll have to choose between good low-end torque or better high-end power.   Turbo response may not be as quick as alternative turbo setups.     2.Twin-Turbo Just like single turbochargers, there are plenty of options when using two turbochargers. You could have a single turbocharger for each cylinder bank (V6, V8, etc). Alternatively, a single turbocharger could be used for low RPM and bypass to a larger turbocharger for high RPM (I4, I6, etc). You could even have two similarly sized turbos where one is used at low RPM and both are used at higher RPM. On the BMW X5 M and X6 M, twin-scroll turbos are used, one on each side of the V8. Advantages： For parallel twin turbos on ‘V’ shaped engines, the benefits (and drawbacks) are very similar to single turbo setups. For sequential turbos or using one turbo at low RPM and both at high RPM, this allows for a much wider, flatter torque curve. Better low-end torque, but the power won’t taper at high RPM like with a small single turbo. Disadvantages： Cost and complexity, as you’ve nearly double the turbo components. There are lighter, more efficient ways of achieving similar results (as discussed below).   3. Twin-Scroll Turbo Twin-scroll turbochargers are better in nearly every way than single-scroll turbos. By using two scrolls, the exhaust pulses are divided. For example, on four cylinder engines (firing order 1-3-4-2), cylinders 1 and 4 might feed to one scroll of the turbo, while cylinders 2 and 3 feed to a separate scroll. Why is this beneficial? Let’s say cylinder 1 is ending its power stroke as the piston approaches bottom dead centre, and the exhaust valve starts to open. While this is happening, cylinder 2 is ending the exhaust stroke, closing the exhaust valve and opening the intake valve, but there is some overlap. In a traditional single-scroll turbo manifold, the exhaust pressure from cylinder 1 will interfere with cylinder 2 pulling in fresh air since both exhaust valves are temporarily open, reducing how much pressure reaches the turbo and interfering with how much air cylinder 2 pulls in. By dividing the scrolls, this problem is eliminated. Advantages:  More energy is sent to the exhaust turbine, meaning more power. A wider RPM range of effective boost is possible based on the different scroll designs. More valve overlap is possible without hampering exhaust scavenging, meaning more tuning flexibility. Disadvantages: Requires a specific engine layout and exhaust design (eg: I4 and V8 where 2 cylinders can be fed to each scroll of the turbo, at even intervals). Cost and complexity versus traditional single turbos.   1. Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) Perhaps one of the most exceptional forms of turbocharging, VGTs are limited in production (though fairly common in diesel engines) as a result of cost and exotic material requirements. Internal vanes within the turbocharger alter the area-to-radius (A/R) ratio to match the RPM. At low RPM, a low A/R ratio is used to increase exhaust gas velocity and quickly spool up the turbocharger. As the revs climb, the A/R ratio increases to allow for increased airflow. The result is low turbo lag, a low boost threshold, and a wide and smooth torque band. Advantages: Wide, flat torque curve. Effective turbocharging at a very wide RPM range. Requires just a single turbo, simplifying a sequential turbo setup into something more compact. Disadvantages:  Typically only used in diesel applications where exhaust gases are lower so the vanes will not be damaged by heat. For gasoline applications, cost typically keeps them out as exotic metals have to be used in order to maintain reliability. The tech has been used on the Porsche 997, though very few VGT gasoline engines exist as a result of the cost associated.   1. Variable Twin-Scroll Turbocharger Could this be the solution we’ve been waiting for? While attending SEMA 2015 I stopped by the BorgWarner booth to look into the latest in turbocharging, among the concepts is the variable twin-scroll turbo as described in the video above. Advantages: Significantly cheaper (in theory) than VGTs, thus making an acceptable case for gasoline turbocharging. Allows for a wide, flat torque curve. More robust in design versus a VGT, depending on the material selection.     ​Disadvantages: Cost and complexity versus using a single turbo or traditional twin-scroll. The technology has been played with before (eg: quick spool valve) but doesn’t seem to catch on in the production world. There are likely additional challenges with the technology.   1. Electric Turbochargers Aeristech’s patented Full Electric Turbocharger Technology is a new enabling technology that will help vehicle manufacturers meet stringent future emissions legislation whilst providing excellent response throughout the engine operating range, even at low engine rpm and vehicle speed.FETT is the ultimate solution for extreme engine downsizing and improved engine efficiency using a single stage turbocharger. Throwing a powerful electric motor in the mix eliminates nearly all of the drawbacks of a turbocharger. Turbo lag? Gone. Not enough exhaust gases? No problem. Turbo can’t produce low-end torque? Now it can! Perhaps the next phase of modern turbocharging, there are undoubtably drawbacks of the electric path as well. Advantages:  By directly connecting an electric motor to the compressor wheel, turbo lag and insufficient exhaust gases can be virtually eliminated by spinning the compressor with electric power when needed. By connecting an electric motor to the exhaust turbine, wasted energy can be recovered (as is done in Formula 1). A very wide effective RPM range with even torque throughout.   
Disadvantages:  Cost and complexity, as you now must account for the electric motor and ensure it remains cool to prevent reliability issues. That goes for the added controllers as well. Packaging and weight become an issue, especially with the addition of a battery on board, which will be necessary to supply sufficient power to the turbo when needed. VGTs or twin-scrolls can offer very similar benefits (though not at quite the same level) for a significantly lower cost.

Precautions for Using Turbochargers   Due to the working characteristics of the exhaust gas turbocharger, which operates under high-temperature and high-speed conditions, to ensure its normal operation, the following precautions should be observed during use.   1.For newly installed or recently repaired turbochargers, before their use, the rotor should be manually rotated to check for any sluggishness or abnormal sounds. If a sharp noise is emitted during operation, the machine should be stopped immediately. If the turbocharger shows vibration, it may be caused by damage to the air compressor impeller, bearings, or turbine impeller, and should be repaired or replaced.   2. It is necessary to ensure that the intake of the compressor is clean and to enhance the cleaning of the air filter. Foreign objects must not be allowed to enter the compressor and the turbine; prevent dust from accumulating on the impeller, otherwise the efficiency of the compressor will be reduced.   3. It is essential to ensure that the turbocharger is properly lubricated. The lubricating oil must be clean, the oil pressure should be normal, the oil temperature should not be too high or too low, the oil pipe joints must be sealed and there should be no dripping or leaking. The turbocharger should be lubricated before use (by adding a certain amount of engine oil through the turbocharger's oil inlet pipe).   4.The intake temperature of the turbine should be strictly controlled. The fuel system of the diesel engine must be adjusted as per the regulations, and the fuel supply volume must not be changed arbitrarily.   5. You should frequently listen to the operation of the supercharger. If the supercharger is functioning properly, the rotor of the supercharger can continue to rotate for a certain period of time even after the diesel engine has just stopped.   6. All connecting pipes should be installed correctly. During disassembly and inspection, they must not be altered arbitrarily, and the sealing at the connection points must be ensured to be reliable.   7. When starting the diesel engine, ensure that the turbocharger receives adequate lubrication. Before the diesel engine is shut down, it should run at idle speed for 3 to 5 minutes to allow the lubricating oil to dissipate the heat, thereby preventing the sealing ring from being damaged, the bearings from being damaged, and the bearing housing from deforming.  

When the high-speed train get into the platform of this "Oriental Holy City", the sunlight was gilding the ten-thousand-foot palace wall. As a stop of the study tour practice, this city built with "The Analects of Confucius" welcomed our seven-person study group with the chirping of cicadas and the fragrance of locust trees.When the high-speed train get into the platform of this "Oriental Holy City", the sunlight was gilding the ten-thousand-foot palace wall. As a stop of the study tour practice, this city built with "The Analects of Confucius" welcomed our seven-person study group with the chirping of cicadas and the fragrance of locust trees.When the high-speed train get into the platform of this "Oriental Holy City", the sunlight was gilding the ten-thousand-foot palace wall. As a stop of the study tour practice, this city built with "The Analects of Confucius" welcomed our seven-person study group with the chirping of cicadas and the fragrance of locust trees.   The tolling of the bell: The thousand-year-old ritual music of Qufu's opening ceremony reappears   When a beam of sunlight swept across Nishan, three hundred ceremonial guards dressed in Zhou Dynasty ceremonial robes were already standing solemnly in front of the ten-thousand-foot palace wall of the Ming Dynasty's ancient city in Qufu. The chime bells are hung on the bell stand. In a wonderful time, the staff members held bamboo slips and recited loudly, "The thousand-year-old rites and music return to the Eastern Shandong -". Just as they finished speaking, the bell rang, and the sound waves hit the 8.6-meter-high ancient city, causing flocks of birds to fly up.     At noon, visit the Confucian Temple and Mansion: Measure the classics among the pillars with your feet   Stepping on the dents on the bluestone slabs - those potholes, I felt as if I could hear the bamboo slips of "The Analects of Confucius" clanging in the wind. When touching the stone steps in front of the hall, the tour guide said softly, "This dragon beard pattern was made bit by bit by the craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty." Suddenly, I felt that those patterns might not be decorations but rather the marks of time itself. On the walls of the residences on the west side of the Confucius Mansion, the divine beasts have been gazing for four hundred years. In the Wanli era, workers cracked the walls in flames, warning people of the consequences of self-destruction due to greed.     Living in a shabby alley: being neighbors with Yan Hui   When checking into the renovated Yanmiao Homestay area, you can see the sign of "Danpiao Lane" on your way to the dining area. Sunlight slanted through the plaque of "Louxiangfang" at the entrance of the alley, stretching the shadow of the QR code of the "Yan Huiju" ruins onto the bluestone of the Ming Dynasty. Among those interlaced beams of light, there are pottery shards from the Spring and Autumn period, copper coins from the Song Dynasty, and optical fibers from 2025, as if quietly shining in the crevices of the bluestone.       Confucius Museum -" Without Confucius, time would be like a long night."   When the fingertips touch the bronze tripod of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the 54Hz "cultural relic heartbeat" awakens the perception through bone conduction. The digital classics wall on the second floor subverts perception - a Kenyan scholar's annotation of the metaverse "Friends come from afar" proves that classics are always resonating with The Times. When leaving the museum, looking up, Confucius' constellation overlapped with SpaceX's Starlink trajectory. The 85% proportion of dark matter in the universe is just like cultural influence: what truly shapes civilization are always those invisible yet ubiquitous spiritual particles.     The one-week study tour was like a cultural CT scan. When the return train started, the 4K images on my phone were all telling me: Tradition is not a static specimen, but a flowing river. This is probably the contemporary footnote of "reviewing the old to learn the new".    

A car doesn't necessarily have to have a turbocharger. A turbocharger is a device used to increase the intake air volume of an engine, thereby enhancing its power and torque. It utilizes the inertial impact force of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine to drive the turbine fan blades and compress the air sent from the air filter pipe, pressurizing it into the cylinder to achieve the purpose of enhancing the engine's power output.     1. Advantages of turbochargers   Enhanced power ‌ : Turbochargers can significantly increase the power and torque of the engine, making the vehicle more powerful and accelerating faster. Improving fuel economy ‌ : At the same power, turbocharged engines may be more fuel-efficient than naturally aspirated engines. This is because turbocharged engines can generate greater power with a smaller displacement, thereby reducing fuel consumption. Reducing exhaust emissions ‌ : Since engines can generate greater power after being supercharged, turbocharging technology helps to reduce exhaust emissions to a certain extent.   2. Possible problems with the turbocharger   The power output is not linear ‌ : Due to the working principle of turbocharging, it responds slowly to sudden changes in the throttle, resulting in turbo lag. This may cause the driver to feel the discontinuity of power output when accelerating. High maintenance costs in the later stage ‌ : turbochargers generate a large amount of heat during operation and require more advanced fully synthetic engine oil for heat dissipation and lubrication. In addition, the maintenance cost of turbochargers is relatively high. Once a malfunction or damage occurs, the cost of repair or replacement may be quite expensive. Engine lifespan may be affected ‌ : Due to the significant increase in the working pressure and temperature of the engine after supercharging, the lifespan and mechanical performance of the engine may be affected.   In conclusion, whether a car needs a turbocharger depends on the actual needs and budget of the car owner. When making a choice, car owners should comprehensively consider factors such as the vehicle's purpose, purchase budget, and later maintenance costs to make the decision that best suits them.